Do informal ao formal: desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras por meio da aprendizagem cotidiana em microempreendedores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21574/remipe.v12i1.542Palavras-chave:
Informalidade, Formalidade, Competências empreendedoras, Aprendizagem empreendedoraResumo
Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar como microempreendedores desenvolvem competências empreendedoras por meio da aprendizagem cotidiana após a formalização de seus negócios. Para isso, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com seis microempreendedores do setor de serviços, localizados nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná e Pernambuco. A seleção dos participantes ocorreu pela técnica de amostragem em bola de neve, e os dados foram analisados por codificação temática com suporte do software NVivo, possibilitando uma compreensão dos processos de aprendizagem de competências. Os resultados evidenciaram que o aprendizado ocorre predominantemente de forma experiencial, impulsionado pelos desafios cotidianos. As principais competências desenvolvidas envolvem comunicação, precificação, vendas, marketing e criatividade. A formalização, embora inicialmente percebida como burocrática, mostrou-se fator determinante para a profissionalização dos negócios e dos empreendedores. Os achados contribuem para o avanço da literatura sobre aprendizagem empreendedora e subsidiam políticas públicas mais efetivas para o fortalecimento dos microempreendedores.
Referências
Afreh, B., Rodgers, P., Vershinina, N., & Williams, C. C. (2019). Varieties of context and informal entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial activities of migrant youths in rural Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR & RESEARCH, 25(5, SI), 996–1013. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2018-0109
Al Mamun, A., & Fazal, S. A. (2018). Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on competency and micro-enterprise performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-05-2018-0033
Aldrich, H. E., & Yang, T. (2014). How do entrepreneurs know what to do? Learning and organizing in new ventures. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 24(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-013-0320-x
Amit, R., & Muller, E. (1995). “Push” and “Pull” Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 12(4), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.1995.10600505
Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M. F., Perez, C., & Arroyabe, J. C. F. de. (2017). The effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and competences. Studies in Higher Education. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03075079.2015.1130030
Ataei, P., Karimi, H., Ghadermarzi, H., & Norouzi, A. (2020). A conceptual model of entrepreneurial competencies and their impacts on rural youth’s intention to launch SMEs. Journal of Rural Studies, 75, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.023
Bacigalupo, M., Kampylis, P., Punie, Y., & Van, D. B. L. (2016). EntreComp: The Entrepreneurship Competence Framework. JRC Publications Repository. https://doi.org/10.2791/160811
Beaver, G. (2003, junho 1). Small firms: Owners and entrepreneurs. | EBSCOhost. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.625
Benz, M. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a non-profit-seeking activity. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0031-y
Bird, B. (1995). Chapter 6 Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Competency. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 115.
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and Child Development. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(Volume 53, 2002), 371–399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233
Byrne, J., & Toutain, O. (2012). Research in Entrepreneurship: Learning from Learning Theories. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2012(1), 14080. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2012.14080abstract
Civera, A., Meoli, M., & Vismara, S. (2020). Engagement of academics in university technology transfer: Opportunity and necessity academic entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103376
Cope, J., & Watts, G. (2000). Learning by doing – An exploration of experience, critical incidents and reflection in entrepreneurial learning. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(3), 104–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550010346208
Cordier, I., & Bade, M. (2023). The relationship between business regulation and nascent and young business entrepreneurship revisited. Small Business Economics, 61(2), 587–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00707-5
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2021). Projeto de pesquisa - 2.ed.: Métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto. Penso Editora.
DENZIN, N. K., & LINCOLN, Y. S. (1995). Transforming Qualitative Research Methods: Is It a Revolution? Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 24(3), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124195024003006
Didier, J. M. de O. L., & Lucena, E. de A. (2008). Aprendizagem de praticantes da estratégia: Contribuições da aprendizagem situada e da aprendizagem pela experiência. Organizações & Sociedade, 15, 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-92302008000100007
Flick, U. (2008). Introdução à Pesquisa Qualitativa—3.ed. Artmed Editora.
Fredström, A., Peltonen, J., & Wincent, J. (2021). A country-level institutional perspective on entrepreneurship productivity: The effects of informal economy and regulation. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106002
Fust, A. P., Jenert, T., & Winkler, C. (2018). Experiential or Self-Regulated Learning: A Critical Reflection of Entrepreneurial Learning Processes. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2017-0098
Galindo-Martín, M.-A., Méndez-Picazo, M.-T., & Castaño-Martínez, M.-S. (2020). The role of innovation and institutions in entrepreneurship and economic growth in two groups of countries. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2019-0336
Godfrey, P. C. (2011). Toward a Theory of the Informal Economy. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 231–277. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.585818
Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball Sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170.
Guion, R. M. (1991). Personnel assessment, selection, and placement. Em Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 2, 2nd ed (p. 327–397). Consulting Psychologists Press.
Hood, J. N., & Young, J. E. (1993). Entrepreneurship’s requisite areas of development: A survey of top executives in successful entrepreneurial firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90015-W
Kallas, E., & Parts, E. (2021). From entrepreneurial intention to enterprise creation: The case of Estonia. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0235
Lans, T., Verstegen, J., & Mulder, M. (2011). Analysing, pursuing and networking: Towards a validated three-factor framework for entrepreneurial competence from a small firm perspective. International Small Business Journal, 29(6), 695–713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610369737
Leiva, J. C., Monge, R., & Alegre, J. (2014). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Learning in New Firms’ Performance: A Study in Costa Rica. Innovar, 24(SPE), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v24n1spe.47563
Mai, K. N., & Thai, Q. H. (2024). Entrepreneurial competencies – A systematic literature review. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-024-00356-7
Man, T. W. Y., Lau, T., & Snape, E. (2008). Entrepreneurial Competencies and the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: An Investigation through a Framework of Competitiveness. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(3), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2008.10593424
Mitchelmore, S., & Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: A literature review and development agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(2), 92–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011026995
Mongrut, S. A., Cruz, V., & Pacussich, D. (2023). Impact of private and public initiatives on individuals’ employment and income during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Peru. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 29(57), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-08-2023-0230
Morrison, A., & Bergin?Seers, S. (2002). Pro?growth small businesses: Learning “architecture”. Journal of Management Development, 21(5), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710210426871
Neumann, T. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and its determinants: A systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 71(3), 553–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00193-7
Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Simulating Entrepreneurial Learning: Integrating Experiential and Collaborative Approaches to Learning. Management Learning, 38(2), 211–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507607075776
Politis, D. (2005). The Process of Entrepreneurial Learning: A Conceptual Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 399–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00091.x
Rae, D., & Wang, C. (2015). Entrepreneurial Learning: New Perspectives in Research, Education and Practice. Routledge.
Ronstadt, R. (1988). The Corridor Principle. Journal of Business Venturing, 3(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(88)90028-6
Ronstadt, R., Vesper, K. H., & McMullan, W. E. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Today Courses, Tomorrow Degrees? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878801300102
Rusu, V. D., & Dornean, A. (2023). Do Tax Rates Matter for Entrepreneurial Motivations? An Empirical Approach. https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0025
Salvi, E., Belz, F.-M., & Bacq, S. (2023). Informal Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda. ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, 47(2), 265–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221115365
Schneider, F., & Enste, D. H. (2000). Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(1), 77–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77
?e?en, H., & Pruett, M. (2014). The Impact of Education, Economy and Culture on Entrepreneurial Motives, Barriers and Intentions: A Comparative Study of the United States and Turkey. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(2), 231–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355714535309
Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
Souza, D. M., Trovão, C. J. B. M., Silva, M. R., & Santos, J. O. (2020). INFORMALIDADE NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO: ABORDAGENS CONCEITUAIS E EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA. Pesquisa & Debate Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Economia Política, 32(1(57)). https://revistas.pucsp.br/index.php/rpe/article/view/48445
Stake, R. E. (2016). Pesquisa Qualitativa: Estudando como as Coisas Funcionam. Penso Editora.
Vallanti, G., & Gianfreda, G. (2021). Informality, regulation and productivity: Do small firms escape EPL through shadow employment? Small Business Economics, 57(3), 1383–1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00353-9
Wang, C. L., & Chugh, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial Learning: Past Research and Future Challenges. International Journal of Management Reviews, 16(1), 24–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12007
Williams, C. C. (2009). The motives of off-the-books entrepreneurs: Necessity- or opportunity-driven? Em International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal (V. 5, Número 2, p. 203–217). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0098-8
Williams, C. C., & and Shahid, M. S. (2016). Informal entrepreneurship and institutional theory: Explaining the varying degrees of (in)formalization of entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(1–2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2014.963889
Zampier, M. A., & Takahashi, A. R. W. (2011). Competências empreendedoras e processos de aprendizagem empreendedora: Modelo conceitual de pesquisa. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 9, 564–585. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-39512011000600007
Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-Up Ecosystem (StUpEco): A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), Artigo 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010035
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 REMIPE - Revista de Micro e Pequenas Empresas e Empreendedorismo da Fatec Osasco
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
